grover cleveland

1789Which monument in the United States has the distinction of being the only one erected to a woman by women?

The Mary Washington Monument in Fredericksburg, Virginia, stands as the only monument in the United States erected to a woman by women, honoring Mary Ball Washington, mother of George Washington. Its creation signifies the collective efforts of several women's associations, most notably the Daughters of the American Revolution, to preserve and commemorate the memory of a foundational figure in American history. After decades of stalled attempts and setbacks—including damage during the Civil War and the threatened sale of her grave—the monument was finally dedicated on May 10, 1894, before thousands, with President Grover Cleveland presiding. Its Vermont granite obelisk, inscribed “ERECTED BY HER COUNTRY-WOMEN,” remains a unique testament to American motherhood and women's perseverance.

1792What is the significance of Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples' Day?

Columbus Day, observed across the United States, marks the landing of Christopher Columbus on San Salvador Island in the Bahamas on 12 October 1492—a pivotal moment that shaped the course of Western history. Over the centuries, this holiday has evolved from celebrations organized by groups like The Society of St. Tammany in 1792 to a federally recognized observance by 1937, while also spreading internationally with monuments and festivals. In recent decades, the day has become increasingly significant for its dual commemoration: many states and communities now honor Indigenous Peoples’ Day on the same date, reflecting on the profound impact of European settlement on Native cultures. In 2021, President Joseph R. Biden Jr. became the first U.S. president to formally recognize Indigenous Peoples’ Day, highlighting the ongoing dialogue about history, memory, and justice in American society.