military decorations

1915Which military decoration did France create during the Great War to recognize acts of bravery on the battlefield?

The French Croix de Guerre was created on 8 April 1915 to recognize acts of exceptional bravery during World War I, becoming France’s most iconic military decoration of the Great War. Born from a need to formally honor soldiers mentioned in despatches for gallant deeds, the award quickly became a symbol of heroism for both French and Allied troops. The medal’s distinctive green and red ribbon and array of stars and palms signified the scale and type of courage displayed, and by 1920, over 1.2 million Croix de Guerre had been awarded—including to military units, towns, and even the heroic carrier pigeon Cher Ami, who saved 194 lives in 1918. This enduring symbol of valor marks its 111th anniversary in 2026, a testament to the widespread sacrifice and spirit of the First World War.

1886Who created the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and what does it recognize?

The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) was created by Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom on 6 September 1886 to honor junior officers for distinguished service or acts of gallantry on the battlefield. This prestigious military award filled a crucial gap, as there had previously been no recognition below the Victoria Cross for these officers. Notably, the DSO is featured in the New Zealand Army Memorial Windows at Wellington Cathedral of St. Paul, symbolizing its importance to New Zealand’s military history—over 300 New Zealanders and 1,200 Canadians received the DSO during both World Wars. As we mark its 139th anniversary on 6 September 2025, the DSO remains a symbol of exceptional leadership and sacrifice.